Lecture Six - Brigitte Bardot and the start of Lolita

http://www.fashionising.com/pictures/blog--celebrity-fashion-35-3.html

Just as early hollywood stars traded on their manufactured image, the stars emerging after the first world war seemed to have traded on their national image.

Brigitte Bardot is one iconic figure of the 1950s. She created for herself an image of youthful sexuality that resonated with the emerging teenage culture. However this image was always tied to her French identity. Our lecture today briefly covered a range of national cinemas and stars that have been exclusive to their national cinemas as well as those who have crossed over into mainstream Hollywood.

I really enjoy foreign films and the distinctive aesthetic. I find them very refreshing amidst the range of Hollywood movies that dominate popular culture and cinema within Australia. The French and Italian film festivals are always an interesting event (and a great excuse to eat Italian and French food), that give a little taste of the huge range of films being developed outside of hollywood.

Hindi films are something that I am intrigued by, but have never really explored. The little tastes I have gotten from watching films such as Slumdog Millionare and Bride and Prejudice have been fantastic. I think I will add a Hindi film to my 'films to watch' list (that has grown significantly longer after taking this subject). This is the end dance scene from Slumdog Millionaire that draws on aspects of bollywood cinema.

I've managed to get distracted from what I initially wanted to blog about, the infamous Brigitte Bardot. What caught my attention about Bardot was that she managed to be an icon of France, sexual liberation and youthfulness all at the same time. Pamela mentioned that despite her work in Holllywood, Bardot maintained her French identity throughout her life. This was reinforced by the reading that suggests she had a role in maintaining France's role at the forefront of fashion through the wearing of natural fibers to oppose the rise of US synthetic materials.

I found the reading very informative as I have so often seen images and fashions influenced by Bardot, however I have been painfully ignorant of her role in them. The Bardot look has been recreated quite literally within fashion and film. Claudia Schiffer is one example of someone who has traded of the Bardot look. This still from A Single Man shows a recreation of her style within a contemporary film.

http://thecia.com.au/reviews/s/single-man.shtml

The use of Bardot's look has also carried on with the bed hair look and childish styles of dress.
The image of youth Bardot cultivated was strongly reinforced by her wearing of gingham, particularly at her second wedding in 1959. This one dress had a dramatic impact, being instantly copied and "provoking a craze for gingham that helped revive the flagging vichy industry in the Auvegne" (Vincendeau). This dress highlighted Bardot's youthful image that she continued to promote.

Brigitte managed to combine youthfulness and sexuality into her image, a combination encapsulated within the concept of Lolita. After researching the concept of Lolita within film and fashion I have found that there are two reading of the 'Lolita effect'. The first is closely tied to the novel itself with the sexualisation of young girls. The opposite of this is the dressing of older sexually mature women in childish clothing. Bardot fits securely into the second category due to her cultivation of a youthful and sexual image.

I have been exploring this Christopher Kane collection in regards to my essay due to his explicit mention of 'Lolita' as an inspiration. However my new knowledge about Bardot and her gingham dress makes me think that she must also have been an inspiration to this collection!

www.style.com

Lecture Five - Rebels with a cause

The 1950s saw the emergence of the teenager as a distinct entity. This new group wanted to rebel against their parents and authorities ruling their lives, and within an atmosphere of budding consumerism they had the disposable income and free time to do it. Thus the 1950s witnessed the origins of subcultures. Having studied subcultures last year I have become a lot more aware of their continued influence upon fashion.

The group that I spent the most time studying and that continues to interest me is the skinheads.

Skinheads have been quite well represented within film with This Is England, American History X and Romper Stomper exploring the skinhead subcultures within the UK, USA and Australia respectively. While the later two spend more time focusing on the ideological and racist aspects that emerged towards the end of the skinhead subculture, This Is England (particularly at the start) presents the subculture in its infancy when style was as equally if not more important than any racist ideology.

This is one of my favourite scenes where Shaun gets made over. It really shows the importance of clothing in creating the subculture's identity and sense of belonging. The big boots, blue jeans, checked shirt, braces and iconic closely shaved head all play a key role in making Shaun into one of the gang.



Pamela commented that the skinhead style was the one subculture that had not been reproduced within mainstream fashion due to its racist associations. Although I appreciate that skinhead style has not been drawn upon as clearly as punk or mod styles, I think it has had a significant influence upon fashion. For example, the popularity of the Doc Martin boot, the iconic footwear of skinheads, acid wash cropped jeans and checked shirts.

I have noticed several skinhead inspired photo shoots lately that clearly represent the sartorial style whilst trying to subvert the racist connotations with the use of female and black models. Given the presence of these images within fashion media, I would suggest that the skinhead subculture has had an impact on contemporary youth fashion.

Agyness Deyn for LOVE Magazine 2010

http://blog.stylesight.com/denim/love-magazine-skinhead-denim

Clayton James Cubit's Lagos Calling portraits
http://www.claytoncubitt.com/commissioned/

Lecture Four - Could uni be any better than admiring good looking males all day?

Today we explored the male body. Although a good looking actor is often a strong incentive for my movie watching, I have never put a lot of thought into the representation of males on screen.

Just as female Hollywood stars have formed personas cultivated on and off screen, male stars have formed their own iconic star profiles.The historical development of these stars is interesting to consider. The movement from Cary Grant to James Dean, on to Marlon Brando, Steve McQueen, Arnold Schwarzenegger and Brad Pitt. However what I am particularly fascinated by is the male suited body. The suit intrigues me as I am helpless against a boy in a suit.

Edwards suggests that the suit is a “symbol of masculine sexuality” and a “uniform of respectability” (Bruzzi, 2005, p42.). This is a similar reading to that of Anne Hollander who suggests that the suit forms a cast of the body, hinting at what is beneath it.

In our reading for today Pamela Church Gibson extended this concept to suggest that the suit is a phallic cast. I'm not so convinced by this argument. I can see why that conclusion could be drawn but I think it is possibly taking the whole phallic imagery too far. Hollander’s comments on the uniformity and style of the suit seem a more appropriate reading of male dress.

James Bond is an interesting figure for looking at the suit. When he’s topless I find him not so appealing. However in a suit and it’s a different story.

Left:http://www.nowloss.com/workout-routine-to-build-body-like-daniel=craig-james-bond.htm

Right: http://hotguyfan.blogspot.com/2011/01/daniel-craig.html

This is one of my favourite scenes in Casino Royale for several reasons:

- The female character Vesper Lynd is opinionated and feisty, not just a sex symbol

- The outrage of Bond at the idea of a tailored suit. He manages to capture the exact attitude that many males know have in regards to the suit

Although the suit may be deemed the uniform of the modern male, the subtle variations between the way it is worn is very interesting. I thoroughly enjoyed Oceans Eleven, partly because of the storyline but also because of the characters of Pitt and Clooney. Pamela Church-Gibson gives a very insightful evaluation of the suit within the film and the way it is used to form characters. Brad Pitt is the young, rough and reckless one and George Clooney the smooth talking ladies man.

I think these costumes have been particularly successful in forming characters without distracting from the story as a whole. They merely compliment and build up the dialogue and acting.

http://www.allmoviephoto.com/photo/george_clooney_brad_pitt_ocean%27s_eleven_001.html

The Lolita Effect

The media sexualisation of young girls and what we can do about it.
M. Gigi Durham

"Increasingly, very young girls are becoming involved in a sphere of fashion, images and activities that encourage them to flirt with a decidedly grown-up eroticism and sexuality" p. 21

"Perhaps one reason for our fascination with the sexy little girl is her tricky double role in contemporary society - she is simultaneously a symbol of female empowerment and the embodiment of a chauvinistic 'beauty myth'. She invokes the specter of pedophilia while kindling the prospect of potent female sexuality" p. 24

"The Lolitas that populate our mediascapes are fabrications. They serve market needs and profit motives, and they are powerfully alluring, especially to the young girls whose vulnerability they exploit. They are framed in a clever rhetoric of empowerment and choice." p. 27

This is one example of the sexualisation of children within fashion shoots. This shoot was shot by Sharif Hamzar, styled by Carine Roitfeld and published in the December 2010 edition of French Vogue.

www.runway2reality.com/2011/01/vogue-paris-cadeaux.html

I find the first photo particularly interesting after looking at the hollywood stars of the 1920s and 30s.

Jean Harlow
http://www.freeinfosociety.com/article.php?id=292

A Kate Moss Appropriation

Ellen von Unwerth
Vogue Italia, June 1992
http://paulozelinsky.com/~mcfadden/evu/Ellen_von_Unwerth_Charming_Lolita.htm

Lecture 3 - Costume vs Couture

http://betseyj.com/2010/12/film-fashion-rodarte-for-black-swan/

We began our day today with an interesting question, were the costumes of Black Swan designed by Rodarte or Amy Westcott??

This is an interview with Amy Westcott that clearly shows how delicate a situation these collaborations can be: http://clothesonfilm.com/black-swan-amy-westcott-interview/18997/

It also provides an interesting breakdown of her understanding of the role of a costume designer "You are responsible for everything, whether an item is designed by me, purchased, farmed out to a specialised item designer or a combination of all of these... ...You’re responsible for the look, making sure things are functional, making sure you are on budget, as well as managing your department. "

It is intriguing to consider the different approaches and levels of involvement of different designers. Does the designer's clothing get used in the film with no direct involvement from the designer? Does the designer design put a few pieces from an existing collection in the film? Does the designer design costumes to be used within the film which will showcase their work but have little regard for the film itself? Or does the designer design pieces that highlight and enhance the narrative and characters for the film?

There are numerous examples of variations along this spectrum. Some work excellently, and others (like the Black Swan debacle) work not so well.

Another topic we covered to day was the class transformation film. One thing I've noticed: makeover films are everywhere!
One of my favourite brainless films (although I should probably not admit to this) is St Trinnians. There is one great scene where they give her a makeover and experiment with a range of different stereotypes (chavs, goths, posh totties etc). It is interesting to see the use of styling, make up and hair to change appearance when the same set of clothes is used throughout.


One of my favourite film transformations (which we actually watched this afternoon) is Audrey Hepburn in Sabrina. It is amazing what two years in Paris and some Givenchy gowns can do to a girl!

http://www.classicfilmfreak.com/2008/11/22/sabrina-1954/

Prada does it better

Continuing my watching of fashion films as a form of procrastination, I came back to an old favourite, Prada's "Thunder Perfect Mind" perfume advert.





I find this video interesting as it is in many ways very similar to lots of other fashion films and ads, with a beautiful young model racing around. But I think Prada has done more than create a pretty girl to follow around and envy.

The first reason I love this video is its use of spoken word to make it more than just aimless wanderings. Prada have based the advert around an ancient Coptic manuscript of the same name, found in 1945 at Nag Hammadi in Egypt. The manuscript is a poem of sorts that presents a number of contradictions and paradoxes to describe the divine feminine.

For I am knowledge and ignorance.
I am shame and boldness.
I am shameless; I am ashamed.
I am strength and I am fear.
I am war and peace.

The text of the poem is read out by Daria Werbowy as she makes her way around Berlin living out a modern interpretation of the poem. Using Berlin as the setting for Thunder Perfect Mind balances the serious tone of the poem, lessening the frivolity of Daria's day. I love Berlin. It is so drenched in life and history, and generally it is just so much fun. Having a city that has such a conflicted and varied past as well as a rich cultural background lends credibility to the film.

The girl presented by Prada seems a lot more real than in other adverts. She reads. She catches trains. She doesn't have time to go home and change. She falls over. She feels awkward dancing. She's flawed. She embodies contradiction.

What's there not to love?

Fashion Films

Today we began looking at fashion films, looking at a range of different films created by fashion houses to explicitly or subtly sell things.

Recently fashion film seems to be becoming the "in thing" to do. But of the ones that we watched there seemed to be an awful lot of mediocrity. Let's be honest, if you put beautiful boys and girls in beautiful clothes in a beautiful set then there is a 99% chance they are going to look good. Surely that kind of thing is covered by the realm of advertising?

In my opinion, if you are going to make a fashion film you need to say something more than just if you buy this product you will:
a) look good/be happy
b) get a hot man/woman

If you are making a fashion film give it some depth, some allusion, a narrative (other than just the hot love interest or object to lust over), tell the audience something about your brand. Just give it a reason to exist instead of making a long winded, glorified ad!

Here is one of my current favourite fashion films. Prada spring/summer 2011. Short and sweet. No dialogue, just some fun music and dancing that compliments and captures the feel of the collection!

A further look at Lolita...

www.imdb.com

The concept of lolita is continuing to interest me.

The two Lolita films:
- the use of fashion to suggest both innocence and sexuality
- the way a young girl is turned into a sexual object without having it shown explicitly
- the 1950s setting and the translation of Lolita as a sex symbol in the 1950s and present day

Lolita in the rest of fashion:
- Lolita subcultures
- Obsession with the Lolita image. Just today I looked at Oyster magazine again and realised the cover shoot it titled Lolita.

http://myfashionpulse.blogspot.com/2011/04/oyster-magazine-92-new-lolita.html

Lecture Two - Who are you?

The end of the first world war saw an explosion of production, bringing new products and fashion to the mass markets. Berry notes that these "New commodities generated a fear of mass-produced uniformity as well as a sense of moral confusion". In the realm of fashion the concept of personality came to reign over consumerism as "Style became a means of product differentiation that was quickly aligned with the concept of personalization". This seems a rather odd way of dealing with fear, but it seems to have worked quite effectively. Films, fashion magazines and advertising began to provide set personalities to ascribe to and fit into. Your personality came to define the products you would consume.

Hollywood stars exemplified this rise in personality as each actress was given a specific on and off set role to play. I had no idea how tightly controlled stars were by their film studios, who chose not only how they were portrayed on screen but also off it.

Grace Kelly: the elegant composed lady.

http://lisawallerrogers.wordpress.com/2011/01/08/grace-kellys-prenups/

Marlene Dietrich: the femme fatale.
(although there was that interesting top hat scene. A woman in trousers and a girl kissing a girl. Scandal.)

L-R: http://www.thekhakichronicles.com/the-khaki-madame-marlene-dietrich/
http://www.gay-sd.com/opinion/uncategorized/advice-from-the-beyond-with-marlene-dietrich/

Greta Garbo: the mysterious foreigner.

http://www.beautyanalysis.com/mba_gretagarbo_page.htm

Marilyn Munroe: The embodiment of sexuality.
Today I watched my first Munroe film, Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953). I must say, I found her is rather annoying really. Her character was so frivolous and superficial!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gentlemen_Prefer_Blondes_Movie_Trailer_Screenshot_%2834%29.jpg

Then there is Audrey with her unmistakable allure. As a star emerging in the 1950s, she defied the studios attempts to remodel her into a sterotype. I think the authenticity she maintained is crucial to her continued success, giving her a timeless quality.

Audrey is interesting as she demonstrates the ability of film to counter the personality cliches by drawing attention to the way dress and performance could be used to define social identity (Berry 2000). Transformation movies are one obvious way that people could see the construction of identity through fashion. Audrey did a lot of these movies in Funny Face, Roman Holiday and Sabrina.

Roman Holiday
L-R: http://thefabcorner.com/the-designs-of-edith-head/annex-hepburn-audrey-roman-holiday_01/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Holiday

The essay

Reflecting on ideas for the essay I am fascinated by the idea of remakes. Why do movies get remade? If the story remains consistent, what changes exist between the fashion of both films? What effect does the change in fashion have upon the consumption of products and fashion?

I began considering the translation of films between national cinemas and the representation of national fashion and consuption that this reflects.

Nathalie, a 2003 French film into the 2009 US film Chloe.


























The Danish film Brodre directly translated as Brothers and remade for a US audience in 2010.

























I then moved on to the remaking of films within hollywood over time. The Thomas Crown Affair interested me because it had such an obvious link with the consuming of fashion and a fashionable lifestyle. The story focuses on a wealthy playboy and his extravagant lifestyle. Although I have not seen either of these films the trailer clearly display an idealised lifestyle for the wealthy. I thought it could be interesting to contrast the american dream within each of these films.






















I did consider Sabrina as fashion is used to great effect within the film to clearly demonstrate character transformation. It also raises questions about the use of couturiers within the film industry. However I just could not bring myself to watch the remade version, it was painful enough to watch the trailer!


The last remake I have looked at is Lolita. It was first made into a film in 1962 by Stanley Kubrick. The film was then remade in 1997 by Adrian Lyne. I am strangely attracted to the idea of Lolita. I found when I read the book I was both deeply engaged and slightly repulsed by the story. It seems to me to be a very odd choice to make into a movie, let alone twice!

Lecture One - Hollywood and Fashion

Today was the first day of Fashion and Film winter school. I don't know a lot about the origins of cinema, Hollywood and the stars of early films so I found today very interesting.

The lecture gave me a broad basic understanding of the origins of the film industry. The first films began emerging in the early 1900s, however these films were usually short films that addressed issues such as fashion. They acted in a similar way to magazines, advising of new trends and how to wear them. Interestingly there were only two magazines available at the time, Vogue and Harpers Bazaar. The first full length film didn't get released until after WWI.

Film provided a vehicle for consumerism, creating desire amongst audiences. Eckert suggested that "Hollywood gave connsumerism its 'distinctive beat' - it influenced the way men and women wanted to look, as well as the cars they chose to drive, and the cigarettes they decided to smoke"
(Steele, V. Berg Companion to Fashion, p421.). Or as Schiaparelli put it "what Hollywood shows today, you will wear tomorrow".

A few things I found particularly interesting in the lecture today:
- Spin offs: how a film can launch a new fashion or alter the course of an existent fashion.

- The Hays Code: This code was formed in the 1930s to maintain standards of decency on screen. It was formed by a Jesuit priest who was given the task of forming the code which created specific guidelines for the representation of sex, homosexuality, miscegenationn etc. I am particularly intrigued by the ongoing impact of this code as it stayed around until the 1960s!

- I may sound very much like a 21st Century girl here, but I have always though silent films were boring. I already suffer from an inability to focus in most movies, so I presumed that this would only get worse if I watched something with no dialogue. Incorrect. In the afternoon we watched a small section of the film It (1927) which I found thoroughly engaging. The taboo of "it" ie. sex appeal was amusingly navigated and the use of body language and exaggerated facial expressions managed to capture the story equally as well as dialogue. Maybe a picture really is worth a thousand words?

Right: http://pincurlmag.com/clara-bow


- Movement and texture were discussed in the lecture as a crucial aspect of costume. I didn't make much of this when it was first mentioned, however our afternoon viewing of Gone with the Wind really emphasized the importance of fabrics and their behaviour. Scarlett O'Hara (played by Vivien Leigh) has the most extravagant clothes that are totally impractical but very beautiful to look at.

http://www.tonnerdoll.com/gwtw.htm

The first scene had this gorgeous white dress that bobbed along as she ran. I couldn't take my eyes off her and it really reflected her characters melodrama!

http://www.victoriana.com/Victorian-Fashion/blackvictorianclothing.htm

Even in mourning black Scarlett looked beautiful with her skirt twirling around the dance floor.

http://tennesseejoy.wordpress.com/2008/06/01/ic130-movie-dresses-scarlett-at-the-barbeque/

Proportion also played a key part with the huge hat balancing the skirt and the bow tied under the chin. These shapes make her waist look even smaller , a look that reflects Dior's new look that was popular whist the film was being made.